This MS Excel dataset contains tephra depth and age data from ocean drilling expeditions around Japan. IODP, ODP and DSDP shipboard core description records were examined for mentions of volcanic ash, tephra etc., according to criteria described in Mahony et al. 2014. Data are from shipboard visual core descriptions of ocean drilling expeditions located within a few hundred km of Japan. Cores without published age-depth data are not included in this dataset. The expeditions occurred between 1973 (DSDP 31) to 2013 (IODP 346). Tephra layers are dated as being deposited between 0.003-18.5 Ma. This data will be of interest to volcanologists or anyone interested in the location of volcanic ash layers within IODP cores.

Many tephra layers were identified in sediment cores drilled during IODP Expedition 350. Here, 1092 glass shards from 76 tephra occurrences (layer or patch) were analysed using electron probe microanalyses (EPMA). Data are not averaged, nor normalised. Geochemistry data were collected for: SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, FeO, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, SO3, Cl and O. Secondary standard data are given, as well as beam setup conditions. The data were obtained using the instruments at the University of Bristol, over two sessions during October and November 2014.

Electron microprobe glass chemistry data from explosive eruption deposits from Popocatépetl, Iztaccíhuatl and Tláloc-Telapón volcanoes in Central México, spanning the last 700 ka. Associated with the following paper: Sunyé-Puchol, I., Hodgetts, A.G.E., Watt, S.F.L., Arce, J.L., Barfod, D.N., Mark, D.F., Sosa-Ceballos, G., Siebe, C., Dymock, R.C., Blaauw, M., Smith, V.C., 2021. Reconstructing the middle to late Pleistocene explosive eruption histories of Popocatépetl, Iztaccíhuatl and Tláloc-Telapón volcanoes in Central México. J Volcanol Geoth Res 421, 107413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107413

The dataset worksheet contains a list of core samples taken during IODP Exp 350 and foraminifera-based data for selected samples. The work was started with the aim of reconstructing palaeoproductivity changes (namely surface-to-deep carbon isotope gradients and U/Ca measurements) over tephra layers in order to test the ‘ash fertilisation hypothesis’. However, the work has been temporarily halted given the on-board volcanologists ongoing concerns that the ash layers in the selected cores have been reworked and therefore are not primary. Because of the induration and silicification of the core samples at quite shallow depths in the core, the other aim of the project (to reconstruct palaeoceanographic changes from 16-0 Ma) was not possible. The spreadsheet contains a full list of samples and a list of samples that have been examined and analysed. The data worksheet contains the no. of Globigerinoides ruber (with weight), Oridorsalis umbonatus, Uvigerina spp. and Cibicidoides spp. specimens for specific samples. For selected samples, stable oxygen and carbon isotopes are given and a graph of the carbon isotopes vs depth in core is presented.

Glass major element geochemical data on Late Quaternary tephra deposits from the Main Ethiopian Rift volcanoes. These data were acquired using Electron Microprobe Analysis, and secondary standard data (MPI-DING glasses) are also included. All samples were given a unique name related to the outcrop from which they were obtained. Outcrops are named "MER" followed by a 3-digit number (e.g. MER153). Samples from a given outcrops are given the same name, followed by a letter (e.g. MER153A). Outcrop localities, with GPS coordinates (Lat Long WGS84) and brief description of the geology are also included. These data are published as Supplementary Files to a paper published in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research: Fontijn et al (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.001.

Tephra layer summary for Lake Abijata and Lake Langano cores, Ethiopia. Data are referenced in McNamara et al., 2018: Using Lake Sediment Cores to Improve Records of Volcanism at Aluto Volcano in the Main Ethiopian Rift; https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007686

The data provides a summary of volcanic ash samples collected from around Anak Krakatau, Indonesia, in August 2019, originating from the December 2018 eruption. The ash was generated in eruptions immediately following the sector collapse of Anak Krakatau. The data provides a summary of sample locations, brief information on the sample context (original notebook entries for the field sites, alongside summary stratigraphic descriptions), componentry information for selected ash samples, laser-diffraction grain-size information for the ash samples, whole rock XRF compositional analysis of selected samples, and EPMA mineral analyses from selected samples.

This dataset presents tephra layers, Ar-dates, age-model & stable isotope data from the >250 kyr-long Lake Chala sediment record, Kenya/Tanzania. The file is split into six tables: (1) metadata on the 30 tephra layers (29 visible tephra layers, one cryptotephra) studied to date, including sample and core codes, summary characteristics and ages; (2) summary of Ar-dating results on ten of the Lake Chala tephra layers; (3) the DCH_TephraAge Bayesian age model, which combines tephra, 210Pb and 14C age-estimates for the length of the core; (4) Raw single-grain WDS-EPMA results for all tephra layers studied in the DeepCHALLA sediment record; and (5) secondary standard data; (6) unpublished Diatom ?18O (‰ VSMOW), Bulk organic ?13C (‰), %C and Diatom d13C (‰) measurements for the full length of the core (given on a composite depth scale). These chronological data (Tables 1-5) are central to the reconstruction of palaeoclimate from a multi-proxy analyses of the Lake Chala sediment sequence and are included in publications by Baxter et al. (2023) and Martin-Jones et al. (2020, in review), for which references are given in the appropriate files. Stable isotope data (produced by Barker and Leng) remains unpublished at the time of upload. The data was generated by Catherine Martin-Jones, Christine Lane, Maarten Blaauw, Darren Mark, Melanie Leng and Phil Barker between 2017-2022. Much of the tephra data is published and references are provided.

120 samples of 57 tephra layers identified at IODP Expedition 350 sites (U1436 and U1437) were used in grain size analysis. Some layers have one grain size measurement, others have multiple measurements throughout the tephra layer.

Petrological and geochemical analysis of tephra samples from Aluto volcano, Ethiopia. Data are referenced in McNamara et al., 2018: Using Lake Sediment Cores to Improve Records of Volcanism at Aluto Volcano in the Main Ethiopian Rift; https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007686.